For the past decade, the 3D printer has been the undisputed star of the maker revolution. This single machine transformed our desktops into mini-factories, allowing us to turn digital ideas into physical objects, layer by layer. We’ve printed prototypes, functional parts, artistic models, and custom-fit solutions to everyday problems. But as any seasoned maker will tell you, a moment arrives when you hit a wall. … Continue reading Why Your 3D Printer Needs a Laser and CNC

In the realm of machine intelligence, imagine teaching a pianist to perform without ever giving sheet music. Instead, you reward the player whenever the melody sounds harmonious and adjust the feedback when it falters. Over time, the pianist internalises the rhythm, dynamics, and flow achieving mastery through experience. This is how reinforcement learning (RL) works, and the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm takes this … Continue reading Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient: The Art of Continuous Decision-Making in Reinforcement Learning

Introduction: The Art of Choosing the Right Map Imagine you’re a navigator setting out on an expedition across uncharted terrain. You have multiple maps in front of you — each beautifully drawn but slightly different in detail. Which one should you trust? In data modeling, statisticians face a similar dilemma: with several models explaining the same dataset, which one provides the most faithful representation without … Continue reading Model Selection: Comparing Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)

Introduction The assimilation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into blockchain technology has fundamentally changed the way digital agreements are designed, executed, and evolved. Traditionally, smart contracts—self-executing agreements coded on blockchain networks—operate based on predefined rules. While secure and transparent, they cannot adapt to changing circumstances or learn from new data. AI is now bridging that gap, giving rise to “smart contracts that learn.” These advanced contracts … Continue reading AI + Blockchain: Smart Contracts That Learn